Greetings to
readers, we'll see you again in the post titled Polite And Courteous AndKinship In Minangkabau. Which of these articles we write and dedicate to the
readers here. While some of the content of this article is an excerpt from a
variety of sources which we earn on the internet.
Civilized manners,
grammar and often also referred to as the ethics already being part of human
life. Manners is already a requirement in our daily lives, wherever in any
time. In the process of socialization of the person since childhood has been
taught, for example, if someone gives something acceptable to let your right
hand and say thank you. Parents since childhood has been taught how to drink,
greet, salute, talk, dress, act and others. Finally someone ethics formed a
habit, without realizing why do so. Indigenous polite and courteous born,
because of the interaction between the individual and the surrounding
communities.
Civilized manners
initially applies in limited circumstances, eventually spread to the wider
community and eventually accepted as something together without the written
agreement. Along with the time without realizing it appears agreement that
exists on the local community and society in a particular area.
Minangkabau society
as a society in particular and have a separate customs territory, then tatak
indigenous language or manners which has its own characteristics that can
distinguish people with grammar in other areas. Indigenous manners prevailing
in a particular society is not necessarily accepted also by other communities,
because the customary courtesy is supported by people who differ from each
other and the conditions of social life cultural backgrounds. Therefore, it
should be realized an attitude that says others or other customary
disrespectful is the wrong thing.
1. Norms In The Life
What would happen if
human life on the basis of the law of the jungle ?. The strong will eat the
weak. Which likely will oppress small. Smart will deceive the ignorant. Life
will soon become hell. Humans might soon disappear. Minang ancestors,
apparently since thousands of years ago have understood this danger to life and
livelihood, especially for the survival of her children and grandchildren.
Therefore they have created norms of life that will ensure order-welfare and
happiness of life for themselves and their grandchildren through the ages.
Norms, among others, in the form of rules that are essential for the safe and
orderly life peacefully. The rules, among others regulate the relationship
between women and men, rules on property, which became the foundation of human
life, the norms of grammar relationships and kinship system. If studied
carefully, Minang customary provisions regarding the above matters, it seems no
one among us who is not amazed and proud of that rule. If we know the benefits
of the rules, it seems no one among us who covet it lost its rule. But
unfortunately many among us who do not understand the rules so that less loved
customary. Did not know then not know, did not know it was love. Most of us
today are already many forget the norms of life are contained in the teachings
of traditional Minang.
Source: Adat
Minangkabau, Pattern & Purpose of Life People Minang
2. matrilineal
system
According to
anthropologists old in the 19th century as J. Lublock, GA Wilken and so on, man
at first gregarious, cohabiting and breed without bond.
Extended family
group (Nuclear Family) consisting of father-mother and children as it is now
does not exist. Gradually, man is aware of the relationship between
"mother and children" as a family group for children only knew his
mother and did not know who and where the father. In a nuclear family group
"mothers and children" is, the Mother who become heads of household.
In this group began to apply the rule that mating (intercourse) between the
mother and her son and should not be avoided (taboo). This is the origin of
marriage beyond the limits of his own group now called the "traditional
exogamy" .Artinya marriage should only be performed by an outside party,
and vice versa marriage in allied groups are not allowed throughout the custom.
The family group was increasingly growing many of its members. Because the
"lineage" is always calculated according to the "Outline
Mother", thus formed a society by scholars like Wilken called the
community "matriarchat". The term "matriarchat" which means
"mother of the ruling" has been abandoned. Experts already know that
the system is "the mother of the ruling" does not exist. That there
is a family group that adheres to the principle that counts lineage through the
mother or in a foreign language is called the line "matrilineal". So
in the kinship system "matrilineal" there are 3 of the most dominant
elements:
• Lineage
"according to the mother".
• Marriage should be
with another group outside the group itself which is now known as Exogamy
matrilineal.
• Mother holds a
central role in education, securing wealth and well-being of the family.
• Source: Adat
Minangkabau, Pattern & Purpose of Life People Minang
3. Individual and
Group Relations
As we know, humans
are naturally not possible to live alone. Every individual requires others to
be hidup.Sudah be natural law and is the providence of God that man can not
live alone without the others. Humans need other human beings to live together
and cooperate. He has been determined to be gregarious and social life.
Minang small groups
in society are tribes, while the largest group, seen through the lens of
traditional Minang is nagari. Tribe as the smallest group, should be understood
and lived well by people Minang. Otherwise it would be easy to slip on the
understanding that the family is the smallest nuclear family consisting of a
father-mother and children. Misconceptions that often bring the outbreak Minang
kinship, because mamak home, brother same mother, even a tribal prince is no
longer considered to be a family. In addition the nature of Minang people are
"shared ownership".
Each individual
becomes the common property of the group. Instead each group it becomes the
property of all individuals who are members of the group. This sense of
belonging has become a source of generation solidarity (solidarity) is high, a
sense of community, a sense of mutual help. Each individual will love his tribe
group and each member of the tribe will always nurture or protect every
individual. The life of the individual against his tribe groups like the life
of a fish in water. The fish are individuals while the water is a tribal life.
When the fish are
removed from the water, then he will soon die. From this was born the adage:
Parts that can not be replaced Shame that can not be divided. By looking at the
individual's relationship with the group as described above, it is clear between
the individual and the group will affect each other. Individuals who are good,
will form a harmonious and peaceful society. Conversely groups neat, will give
birth to individuals orderly and well disciplined. Thus the ancestors of the
Minang, has provided certain criteria are considered to be ideal for properties
Minang people.
Source: Adat
Minangkabau, Pattern and Purpose of Life People Minang.
4. Adat and
Descendants Minangkabau
Adab.
The first manners,
we ought courtship between fellow servant of God with friends acquaintances,
with the relatives and relatives. The second manners, respectful to mother and
father, as well as teachers and the king, Mamak and ninik as well as the noble-noble.
The third adab, which shall be glorified old, young loveable, fellow
teen-basikan dibasic (welcome / well served). The fourth manners, etiquette
berkorong and encamped, adab berkaum relatives, if both laughing joy, sorrow if
both crying. Mutual help on the path of goodness, do not bergotongroyong the
immoral path, or road mayhem, do not wear khizit and treacherous and greedy and
greedy, do not envy one another fellow servant of God, in the way he
should-worth; Do not look to any human being, with a surly manner, that he who
with customs that should be, that we put the every day.
Orderly.
The order to the
kings and great people as well as to scholars; mother and father; and to ninik
Mamak and older people with the noble-noble; if welcoming stuff something let
laid his right hand on his left hand. When exposed goods something, sit
cross-legged facing manner, if running mengiring behind; If both drinking and
eating, let then thereof, do not wringing rice, do not wagging a hand towards
the rear or right rear side so immense possibility of someone else or at least
the walls of the house will be splattered with water used to wash hands still
cohere dijari-fingers. Apart from that lebihkanlah bow head than looked up to
him and when speechless let the gentle voice.
Adab and Ethical
Women in Minangkabau.
As every woman let
him be patient; according to the command of her husband, and her mother and
father; baikpun ninik mamak; if he is speechless let their humble themselves
against it. And required him to learn science and orderly polite, and good
behavior; avoid all kinds of temperament that would be a reproach to him, or to
her husband, or to the relatives, which arise because of the behavior and
temperament were less orderly, careful saving. If she has a husband, let him be
faithful to her husband.
Temperament or
Character.
The temperament is
required, apply to all beings, both men and women; is studying, and studying
the customs and respectful, and humble himself in place as well, and he shall
sit, nature speaks of "mardesa" (orderly polite; saving carefully)
how the sound would be good, be heard by the ear of the listener, as well as
with a gentle temperament also done, with polished, because we act in respect
to those great and noble people and old people, so that maintained than
vituperation and abuse; That perfection perbasaan for good people, which is
used in the villages or in nature.
The obligation for
parents in Minangkabau.
As for the debt for
elders and intellectuals as well as the noble-noble and wise that all must
remind him to all the experts, and to all the people nan believe him, and all
his people, who do not participate in conducting a good temperament and orderly
-well.
Then let dibantahi;
all their behavior, which is awry with the truth too, hinted that he will be
all his people, so he did everything good temperament and abandon everything
that temperament is not good, so it's easy to know all their beauty and glory
are used by great-great guy who brings to the path of righteousness, and
perfection of his life, so remember all the children of her nephew to a good,
hard and soft heart, because the heart harder than stone and iron.
If already speaking
with elders and egghead it; with his knowledge and perfect knowledge, should
not not be Gentle loud people that the deception was, and kendorlah tense,
because cleverness speaking, do good advice nan it. Therefore wajiblah for
people who are elders and intellectuals it would menajak all the families and
people who believe in him, with gentle words as well, and said words are good,
will draw all their hearts, because of all the virtues , gave sukahatinya
listen; and shall also to elders and intellectuals, it will tell you and give
remember to all the relatives, whatever stories and news; neither good nor bad;
rumors tell that long ago, had seen and heard, by stating his impressions were
good or bad. In order to be teaching and also a warning to all the experts
baitnya; the rumors that roughly matches the listener's opinions and thoughts.
Thus the obligatory
applied by elders and intellectuals as well as wise;
"menyigai-nyigaikan" (sigai = prosecuted, investigated as possible;
in this berbarti listening / menghampirkan herself) means, let him say it away
with them, but he shall declare nearly as well, so tertambah-added affection,
people's relatives and her do all the advice and guidance he did to all people.
The rules of life in
society and the family.
If there is
employment in the villages or in tribes and villages, both "good
work" (work that maketh glad the heart) or "not working well"
(sorrow, death, accident and sudden loss); if like both laughing, when grief
equally cry; if it went as told, if stopped because it is prohibited; means all
actions let the sepengetahuanpenghulu-penghulunya too, as well as his parents
and relatives were worth-worth.
Thus indigenous
people and childless families berkaum fatherless, beripar besan, berindu
tribes. That is attributed to the customs agency, the "persaluk veins,
frayed roots, shoots berlembai" (roped relatives) name, same menyerunduk
bongkok, jumping at fracture; if the same water to wet, if to fire at letup, it
was called a "semalu as politely", if lack of added-add, if
"senteng pas-membilaia ', which upheld bear the same weight and the same
lightweight portable.
Indigenous to the
child prince's nephew or niece, both in the good work and in jobs that are not
good. If anything the problem of child nephew or niece delivered to the prince
and the elders wajiblah for him it; when tangled resolved, if murky clarified,
punish the path of justice, along with his parents there.
As the old saying
there were some who Egghead, men of understanding as well, which will weigh the
bad with the good, high-low, so that the whole village was being finished. If
it does not break up by the powers and the elders in each village regarding what
is disputed by his subordinates; wajiblah to the powers and older people is to
bring "the region's downstream, the region's homecoming" (along the
river to and fro to find clear water, gentle sayak "(justice) katian
(weight scales with the size Sekati) which genab; so obtained the word of truth
and secure all the family.
Indigenous people
become "times" (Mr Kadi; the prince of marriage), pastors and
teachers, priests, preachers and Bilal and Maulana; let him know absolutely
everything religious rules (requirement; Islamic law) in the mosque and mosques
or in any panel of the banquet, and the place holies baikpun in hamlets or in
field assembly crowd, always let him perform a sacred temperament and honor, so
that became a torch, to the village and all the contents that will be followed,
by all students.
Mandatory he
regulates all care nan contrary, in the mosque and the mosque and in the
assembly banquet will be blemish for his religious order, which may destroy the
orderly politeness of the people "siak" (students) and scholars
perfect.
Male attitudes
towards wife.
Mandatory men give
spiritual and physical sustenance to his wife and gave the residence and
provide drinking and eating as well as clothing for at least two persalin year;
and shall also for women it behaves perfect to all the experts (intimates
temple) her husband with a temper like a polite respectful and orderly manners
to her husband as well.
So also wajiblah for
men nan TSB behaves politely, to all the relatives of his wife and children as
he did against the relatives themselves are worth-worth. The way in respect to
his parents, wife and ninik mamak so also he should have a sense of honor and
shame to the mother and the father of his wife mamak ninik. Namely the preamble
gentle and let him give a clue to his wife and children were negligent in
respect of the relatives and the father and mother ninik mamak are duly
respected, so that it applies to both his wife and habitual perfect for the
expert-expert (intimates baitnya) ,
Shall also prohibit
her husband wrong behaves according to polite and orderly manners and polite,
so that his wife was still in the way of the good and courteous; so that best
done by a husband against his wife every individual.
Ownership.
There are various
properties; there is the king, no prince belongs, there belong kadi, there
dubalang and employee-owned, there are priests and preachers belonged and some
belong to the people. Each owned TSB must not be controlled by non-owners.
As for the property
of the king that is the rule and punish any dispute servants of the people who
submitted to him and keep the village tranquility, and know he will temper all
persons under his control and in touch with his aides and assistants if guilty
then he too will punish them also that nagari be perfect and people become
prosperous.
As for the prince
belongs is keeping going tranquility and safety of his men; both existing in
the tribal village, in the village, in each place, and obliged him demarcate
and "bintalak" (pasupadan; border) belonging to his men in the grip
respectively; and others that will give kindness to all his men.
The host belongs
Kardi it is to judge according to the law and religious law of our prophet
Muhammad and determine null and void, chapters and chapters, postulate and its
meaning, each issued religious law (the application). As an employee owned and
commanders, explaining what is decreed the powers; "Notching" hard,
"menyudu" soft; by way of truth as well.
As for the people
belonging to it, shall we according to a decree and command all the powers,
parents-parents; will maintain their work; with a confident run king's command
and conveyed to him; Mr. Kadinya and his parents and relatives. The property
belongs to it, such as paddy fields, gold, silver buffalo cows, chickens ducks
and others, must have grasped the property of their respective well, it must be
owned by non-owners.
Rights.
As it is not fixed
terpegang rights, to the owner of the rights for all; rights which is held in
the hands of the owner of each is the property name. And if that right is held
by someone else, then named "His right course" but who has another person.
That legislation is used in this Minangkabau villages in Nature that you should
know first. Determine (investigate and check) is true all the servants formerly
mentioned earlier; used in this village; in order to clear the handle
respectively, to different people with the crew; both far and near. (Source:
Mustika Adat Minangkabau)
Thus we can serve in
this post may be helpful and thanks for all the readers' attention.
A description of
Minangkabau:
Minangkabau is an ethnic group that inhabits
the West Sumatra province within the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
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